Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented the World Wide Web WWW in , while working at CERN. The web was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for automated information-sharing between scientists in universities and institutes around the world. The first website at CERN — and in the world — was dedicated to the World Wide Web project itself and was hosted on Berners-Lee's NeXT computer.

In , CERN launched a project to restore this first ever website : info. On 30 April , CERN put the World Wide Web software in the public domain. Later, CERN made a release available with an open licence, a more sure way to maximise its dissemination.

These actions allowed the web to flourish. CERN Accelerating science Sign in. Image: CERN. Science Computing Birth web The birth of the Web The birth of the Web The World Wide Web was invented by British scientist Tim Berners-Lee in while working at CERN. Screenshot of the recreated page of the first website Image: CERN. There was no such thing as podcasts before the WWW and the internet entered our lives.

Do what any millennial would do and instead of watching a typical documentary, tune into a podcast. So on this say, thank the person who created the WWW by posting photos, statuses, and blogs on social media platforms. You can stay online all day and no one will judge you! The top five most popular websites list includes Google, YouTube, Facebook, Baidu, and Wikipedia.

The day is celebrated because the invention of the WWW is historic and has completely evolved the world. Not only has it changed the way we interact, but it has also affected the advertising of goods and services. It's days like these that remind everyone of how things were before the web was invented and how difficult everything was.

For instance, students would spend hours at the library to research a term paper. Inventions such as the World Wide Web that will exist for years to come are super motivational and inspire the youth to strive to make a difference. We keep track of fun holidays and special moments on the cultural calendar — giving you exciting activities, deals, local events, brand promotions, and other exciting ways to celebrate.

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History portal Internet portal World portal. Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework Report. Archived from the original on 24 November Retrieved 25 November The Atlantic. Retrieved 28 May Monmouth Web Developers. Archived from the original on 18 November Retrieved 31 August Archived from the original PDF on 17 November Retrieved 26 August Inventor outlines plan to combat hacking, hate speech".

USA Today. Retrieved 12 March The World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 12 February Archived from the original on 15 March Retrieved 27 July Massachusetts Institute of Technology : MIT School of Engineering. Archived from the original on 8 June Retrieved 23 July Archived from the original on 2 May Retrieved 12 May Archived from the original on 24 December Retrieved 23 December Archived from the original on 31 January Archived from the original on 21 July Archived from the original on 12 February Retrieved 30 March Archived from the original on 6 May Retrieved 29 January Retrieved 15 April HTML 3: Electronic Publishing on the World Wide Web.

Harlow, England; Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley. ISBN The History of the Web. Jay Hoffman. Retrieved 22 February Archived from the original on 13 August CERN Document Server.

Retrieved 17 February The Early World Wide Web at SLAC: Documentation of the Early Web at SLAC. Why the Web beat Gopher in the Battle for Protocol Mind Share". Retrieved 17 October Archived from the original on 20 February October North Dakota State University. Archived from the original PDF on August 24, Retrieved November 20, World Wide Web Consortium.

Retrieved 15 June Retrieved 13 February Index D O T Html. Brian Wilson. Retrieved 15 February Roger Clarke's Web-Site. The News-Gazette Champaign—Urbana. Retrieved 27 February International Journal of Strategic Communication. doi : S2CID Archived from the original on 11 May Retrieved 19 February Introduction: W3C.

Archived from the original on 9 February Retrieved 11 February Media, Society, World: Social Theory and Digital Media Practice. London: Polity Press. MIT News. New York Times. Popular Science. INTERNET HISTORY PODCAST. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 20 February Retrieved 14 February com Portal Site". Mental Floss. Archived from the original on 27 October Retrieved 2 September Retrieved 11 April PC World. Information Systems Research.

ISSN JSTOR Retrieved 12 July CBS News. Retrieved 16 April Web 2. CRC Press. Archived from the original on 17 July With recent phenomena like blogs and wikis, the Web is beginning to develop the kind of collaborative nature that its inventor envisaged from the start. Network Word. Retrieved 16 February The Tartan. Technologies and Protocols for the Future of Internet Design: Reinventing the Web: Reinventing the Web. IGI Global. Archived from the original on 28 April Retrieved 15 January Sinclair Target.

Media in History: An Introduction to the Meanings and Transformations of Communication Over Time. Macmillan International Higher Education.

The World Wide Web "WWW", "W3" or, simply, "the Web" is a global information medium which users can access via computers connected to the Internet. The term is often mistakenly used as a synonym for the Internet, but the Web is a service that operates over the Internet, just as email and Usenet do. The history of the Internet and the history of hypertext date back significantly farther than that of the World Wide Web.

Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web while working at CERN in , applying the concept of hyperlinking that had by then existed for some decades. He developed the first web server , the first web browser , and a document formatting protocol, called Hypertext Markup Language HTML. After publishing the markup language in , and releasing the browser source code for public use in , many other web browsers were soon developed, with Marc Andreessen 's Mosaic later Netscape Navigator , being particularly easy to use and install, and often credited with sparking the Internet boom of the s.

It was a graphical browser which ran on several popular office and home computers, bringing multimedia content to non-technical users by including images and text on the same page. Websites for use by the general public began to emerge in This spurred competition in server and browser software, highlighted in the Browser wars which was initially dominated by Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer.

Following the complete removal of commercial restrictions on Internet use by , commercialization of the Web amidst macroeconomic factors led to the dot-com boom and bust in the late s and early s.

The features of HTML evolved over time, leading to HTML version 2 in , HTML3 and HTML4 in , and HTML5 in The language was extended with advanced formatting in Cascading Style Sheets CSS and with programming capability by JavaScript. AJAX programming delivered dynamic content to users, which sparked a new era in Web design , styled Web 2. The use of social media , becoming common-place in the s, allowed users to compose multimedia content without programming skills, making the Web ubiquitous in every-day life.

The underlying concept of hypertext as a user interface paradigm originated in projects in the s, from research such as the Hypertext Editing System HES by Andries van Dam at Brown University, IBM Generalized Markup Language , Ted Nelson's Project Xanadu , and Douglas Engelbart's oN-Line System NLS.

Paul Otlet's project Mundaneum has also been named as an early 20th-century precursor of the Web. In , Tim Berners-Lee , at the European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN in Switzerland, built ENQUIRE , as a personal database of people and software models, but also as a way to experiment with hypertext; each new page of information in ENQUIRE had to be linked to another page.

During the s, many packet-switched data networks emerged based on various communication protocols see Protocol Wars. As the Internet grew through the s, many people realized the increasing need to be able to find and organize files and use information. By , the Domain Name System upon which the Uniform Resource Locator is built came into being. Berners-Lee's contract in was from June to December, but in he returned to CERN in a permanent role, and considered its problems of information management: physicists from around the world needed to share data, yet they lacked common machines and any shared presentation software.

In , the first direct IP connection between Europe and North America was established and Berners-Lee began to openly discuss the possibility of a web-like system at CERN. While working at CERN , Tim Berners-Lee became frustrated with the inefficiencies and difficulties posed by finding information stored on different computers. The proposal used the term "web" and was based on "a large hypertext database with typed links". It described a system called "Mesh" that referenced ENQUIRE , the database and software project he had built in , with a more elaborate information management system based on links embedded as text: "Imagine, then, the references in this document all being associated with the network address of the thing to which they referred, so that while reading this document, you could skip to them with a click of the mouse.

Berners-Lee notes the possibility of multimedia documents that include graphics, speech and video, which he terms hypermedia. Although the proposal attracted little interest, Berners-Lee was encouraged by his manager, Mike Sendall, to begin implementing his system on a newly acquired NeXT workstation. He considered several names, including Information Mesh , The Information Mine or Mine of Information , but settled on World Wide Web.

Berners-Lee found an enthusiastic supporter in his colleague and fellow hypertext enthusiast Robert Cailliau. Berners-Lee and Cailliau pitched Berners-Lee's ideas to the European Conference on Hypertext Technology in September , but found no vendors who could appreciate his vision. Berners-Lee's breakthrough was to marry hypertext to the Internet. In his book Weaving The Web , he explains that he had repeatedly suggested to members of both technical communities that a marriage between the two technologies was possible.

But, when no one took up his invitation, he finally assumed the project himself. In the process, he developed three essential technologies:. With help from Cailliau, he published a more formal proposal on 12 November to build a "hypertext project" called World Wide Web abbreviated "W3" as a "web" of "hypertext documents" to be viewed by "browsers" using a client—server architecture.

The Dynatext system, licensed by CERN, was considered too expensive and had an inappropriate licensing policy for use in the general high energy physics community, namely a fee for each document and each document alteration. At this point HTML and HTTP had already been in development for about two months and the first web server was about a month from completing its first successful test.

ch containing the first web pages that described the project itself was published on 20 December A NeXT Computer was used by Berners-Lee as the web server and also to write the web browser. Working with Berners-Lee at CERN, Nicola Pellow wrote a simple text browser that could run on almost any computer, the Line Mode Browser , which worked with a command-line interface.

In January , the first web servers outside CERN were switched on. On 6 August , Berners-Lee published a short summary of the World Wide Web project on the newsgroup alt.

hypertext , inviting collaborators. Paul Kunz from the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center SLAC visited CERN in September , and was captivated by the Web. The World Wide Web had several differences from other hypertext systems available at the time.

The Web required only unidirectional links rather than bidirectional ones, making it possible for someone to link to another resource without action by the owner of that resource. It also significantly reduced the difficulty of implementing web servers and browsers in comparison to earlier systems , but in turn, presented the chronic problem of link rot. The WorldWideWeb browser only ran on NeXTSTEP operating system. This shortcoming was discussed in January , [22] and alleviated in April by the release of Erwise , an application developed at the Helsinki University of Technology , and in May by ViolaWWW , created by Pei-Yuan Wei , which included advanced features such as embedded graphics, scripting, and animation.

ViolaWWW was originally an application for HyperCard. In , the first tests between browsers on different platforms were concluded successfully between buildings and 31 in CERN, between browsers on the NexT station and the Xported Mosaic browser. ViolaWWW became the recommended browser at CERN.

To encourage use within CERN, Bernd Pollermann put the CERN telephone directory on the web—previously users had to log onto the mainframe in order to look up phone numbers. The Web was successful at CERN and spread to other scientific and academic institutions. Students at the University of Kansas adapted an existing text-only hypertext browser, Lynx , to access the web in Lynx was available on Unix and DOS, and some web designers, unimpressed with glossy graphical websites, held that a website not accessible through Lynx was not worth visiting.

In the early s, Internet-based projects such as Archie , Gopher , Wide Area Information Servers WAIS , and the FTP Archive list attempted to create ways to organize distributed data. Gopher was a document browsing system for the Internet, released in by the University of Minnesota. Invented by Mark P.

McCahill , it became the first commonly used hypertext interface to the Internet. While Gopher menu items were examples of hypertext, they were not commonly perceived in that way. In less than a year, there were hundreds of Gopher servers. In response, on 30 April , CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to anyone, with no fees due, and released their code into the public domain.

Early websites intermingled links for both the HTTP web protocol and the Gopher protocol , which provided access to content through hypertext menus presented as a file system rather than through HTML files.

Early Web users would navigate either by bookmarking popular directory pages or by consulting updated lists such as the NCSA "What's New" page. Some sites were also indexed by WAIS, enabling users to submit full-text searches similar to the capability later provided by search engines. After the World Wide Web saw many advances to indexing and ease of access through search engines, which often neglected Gopher and Gopherspace.

As its popularity increased through ease of use, incentives for commercial investment in the Web also grew. By the middle of , the Web was outcompeting Gopher and the other browsing systems for the Internet. The National Center for Supercomputing Applications NCSA at the University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign UIUC established a website in November After Marc Andreessen , a student at UIUC, was shown ViolaWWW in late , [23] he began work on Mosaic with another UIUC student Eric Bina , using funding from the High-Performance Computing and Communications Initiative , a US-federal research and development program initiated by US Senator Al Gore.

The browser gained popularity due to its strong support of integrated multimedia , and the authors' rapid response to user bug reports and recommendations for new features.

Before the release of Mosaic in , graphics were not commonly mixed with text in web pages, and the Web was less popular than older protocols such as Gopher and WAIS. Mosaic could display inline images [36] and submit forms [37] [38] for Windows, Macintosh and X-Windows. NCSA also developed HTTPd , a Unix web server that used the Common Gateway Interface to process forms and Server Side Includes for dynamic content.

Both the client and server were free to use with no restrictions. Within a year, web traffic surpassed Gopher's. The World Wide Web enabled the spread of information over the Internet through an easy-to-use and flexible format. It thus played an important role in popularising use of the Internet. In keeping with its origins at CERN, early adopters of the Web were primarily university-based scientific departments or physics laboratories such as SLAC and Fermilab.

By January there were fifty web servers across the world. Practical media distribution and streaming media over the Web was made possible by advances in data compression , due to the impractically high bandwidth requirements of uncompressed media.

Following the introduction of the Web, several media formats based on discrete cosine transform DCT were introduced for practical media distribution and streaming over the Web, including the MPEG video format in and the JPEG image format in The high level of image compression made JPEG a good format for compensating slow Internet access speeds, typical in the age of dial-up Internet access.

JPEG became the most widely used image format for the World Wide Web. A DCT variation, the modified discrete cosine transform MDCT algorithm, led to the development of MP3 , which was introduced in and became the first popular audio format on the Web.

In the Computing and Networking Department of CERN, headed by David Williams, withdrew support of Berners-Lee's work. A two-page email sent by Williams stated that the work of Berners-Lee, with the goal of creating a facility to exchange information such as results and comments from CERN experiments to the scientific community, was not the core activity of CERN and was a misallocation of CERN's IT resources. Following this decision, Tim Berners-Lee left CERN for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT , where he continued to develop HTTP.

The first Microsoft Windows browser was Cello , written by Thomas R. Bruce for the Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law School to provide legal information, since access to Windows was more widespread amongst lawyers than access to Unix. Cello was released in June The rate of web site deployment increased sharply around the world, and fostered development of international standards for protocols and content formatting. Berners-Lee continued to stay involved in guiding web standards, such as the markup languages to compose web pages, and he advocated his vision of a Semantic Web sometimes known as Web 3.

In May , the first International WWW Conference , organized by Robert Cailliau , was held at CERN; the conference has been held every year since. A year later, a second site was founded at INRIA a French national computer research lab with support from the European Commission ; and in , a third continental site was created in Japan at Keio University. W3C comprised various companies that were willing to create standards and recommendations to improve the quality of the Web. Berners-Lee made the Web available freely, with no patent and no royalties due.

The W3C decided that its standards must be based on royalty-free technology, so they can be easily adopted by anyone.

Archived from the original PDF on 17 November The World Wide Web Consortium W3C , maintainer of both the HTML and the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit presentational HTML since Thanks to frameworks such as Electron , developers can bundle up node applications as standalone desktop applications such as Slack. Follow us on social media. A short history of the Web. Holidays Straight to Your Inbox Every day is a holiday! The content of the HTTP request can be as simple as two lines of text:.

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